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Leather
The leather industry significantly requires various chemicals, which are used in different stages of leather processing. Here are some key chemicals commonly used in the leather industry:
- Tanning Agents
Chromium Salts: Chromium sulphate and other chromium-based compounds are commonly used as tanning agents in the leather industry. They help stabilize the collagen fibers in the animal hides, making them resistant to decomposition.
Vegetable Tannins: Extracts from plant sources, such as quebracho and chestnut, are used as natural tanning agents in vegetable tanning processes.
- Dyeing and Colouring Agents
Aniline Dyes: These are synthetic dyes used for colouring leather. Aniline dyes provide a transparent and natural appearance, allowing the natural grain of the leather to show.
Pigments: Pigments are used to create opaque and solid colours on leather surfaces. They provide colour consistency and are often used in upholstery and other applications.
- Finishing Agents
Resins and Polymers: Polyurethane and acrylic resins are used in finishing processes to enhance the leather’s appearance, durability, and resistance to wear.
Waxes and Oils: Various waxes and oils are applied during finishing to provide a desired texture, shine, and protection to the leather. - Softening Agents
Lubricants and Fat liquors: These are used to soften the leather, improve its flexibility, and make it more pliable. Emulsified oils, synthetic fat liquors, and natural oils fall into this category.
- Preservatives and Biocides
Biocides: Used to prevent microbial growth and decay of leather. Various antimicrobial agents may be employed to protect the leather from bacterial or fungal attacks during storage and transportation. - Surfactants and Cleaning Agents
Surfactants: Used in cleaning and degreasing processes to remove impurities and excess fat from the leather surface.
- Auxiliary Chemicals
Acids and Alkalis: Used for pH adjustment in different stages of leather processing.
Enzymes: Used in processes like bating and soaking to facilitate the removal of unwanted proteins and substances. - Environmental Considerations
Due to environmental concerns, there is a growing emphasis on the use of eco-friendly and sustainable chemicals in the leather industry. Water-based and chrome-free tanning processes are gaining popularity.